Essay on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Complete Title: An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Written by Himself† Dr. Pautreaux’s comments: What makes this paper memorable is the fact that this student is also a minister. Both his command of the language and his insight as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative. We can so easily deceive ourselves into believing that what is accepted by the general population as normal behavior is also justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our customs as long as this behavior yields such commodities as convenience, profit†¦show more content†¦He who is the religious advocate of marriage robs whole millions of the sacred influence... (1077). Douglass also portrays deeper psychological profiles of the characters who persecuted him, such as that of Edward Covey, who was once his master. Covey, an extremel y devout Christian and leader in the Methodist church who prayed morning, noon, and night daily, appeared to be more religious than anyone. Covey faced no apparent moral internal conflict at breaking several of the Ten Commandments with actions such as ordering his slave woman to breed with a hired man to produce more slave chattel for his own personal gain. Covey rationalized that any sin that such a devout Christian as he committed would be considered but little offense to God (1053). Douglass observes how his persecutors covered and protected their sins with the cloth of Christianity and it is his examples of these self-justifying practices which reveal exactly how the manipulation of Christian doctrine was performed. For a time, Douglass was owned by a religious slaveholder and also lived in the Christian community of St. Michaels. Douglass owner, Captain Auld, who was a Christian convert, easily found religious sanction in the Bible for acts of cruelty. Douglass reports having seen Auld tie up a lame young woman, whip her until blood ran down her naked body, and then quote Scripture to the girl to justify the beating: He thatShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives wa s lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Essay about My Childhood Home - 950 Words

The fleeting changes that often accompany seasonal transition are especially exasperated in a child’s mind, most notably when the cool crisp winds of fall signal the summer’s end approaching. The lazy routine I had adopted over several months spent frolicking in the cool blue chlorine soaked waters of my family’s bungalow colony pool gave way to changes far beyond the weather and textbooks. As the surrounding foliage changed in anticipation of colder months, so did my family. My mother’s stomach grew larger as she approached the final days of her pregnancy and in the closing hours of my eight’ summer my mother gently awoke me from the uncomfortable sleep of a long car ride to inform of a wonderful surprise. No longer would we be returning†¦show more content†¦I had violent, grass-stained war games with my neighborhood friends, while my mother worked in her small vegetable garden among the honeybees, and watched things grow. An ever-present warming smell of knishes and hot dogs permeated around every inch of my block as the nearby concession pumped a constant flow of fresh food to hungry little leaguers and their families. Looking up, the summer sky looked like an Easter egg God had dipped in blue dye. Those warm summer nights after long days of camp were greatly anticipated events back then. My cousin and I itched with repressed energy throughout the long bus ride from various tri-state area attractions. We couldn’t wait to get home and see what types of shenanigans we could get into. We couldn’t wait to slide down the steep, blue-carpeted staircase on our bottoms, and then on our stomachs. Most of all, we couldn’t wait to go down to the basement. The basement was better than a toy store. Yes, the old-fashioned milk chute in the kitchen wall was enchanting, and the laundry chute was fun because it was big enough to throw down my sisters stuffed companions, so my cousin could catch them below in the laundry room, as our voices echoed up and down the chute. But the basement was better than all of these, better even than sliding down those stairs on rug-burned bottoms. It was always deliciously cool downShow MoreRelatedDescribing My Childhood Home830 Words   |  4 PagesMass is where my childhood home stands Homes are places that people can go to for warmth, memories and comfort. My childhood home resides or stands in Quincy, MA. The home is full of comfort for me and my family. My home is your typical Cape Code style. It’s gray in color with Maroon shutters. There is a 2 car attached garage. Flowers, bushes and other landscape surround the house. The front living room window is a large bay window that allows a lot of sunlight into the home when the curtainsRead MoreMy Parents At My Childhood Home846 Words   |  4 Pagesboth my parents at my childhood home, I attended Abraham Lincoln – Washington Elementary until the fourth grade. I stared going to pre-school when I was 3 years old and then transitioned into Kindergarten, where I attended Abraham Lincoln. The school included grade levels from Kindergarten to eight grade. I loved going to school and would have my mother prepare my lunch box early in the morning before walking me to school. We only lived three blocks from school, which was very convenient for my motherRead MoreMy Childhood Home For As Long As I961 Words   |  4 Pageshallway of my childhood home for as long as I can reme mber. There is the heavily contrasted photograph of my grandparents, my mother, her two brothers and baby sister in front of St. John’s Catholic Church in Many, Louisiana. My grandmother is wearing a burnt orange dress which screams 1970 something and my mother, about thirteen in the photo, is wearing a lime green box-like dress with her straight as a board hair parted down the middle in direct contrast to the curly black mass atop my grandmother’sRead MoreChildhood Memories of my Grandparents Home Essay520 Words   |  3 PagesWhen I think back to the days when I was a child, I think about all of my wonderful childhood memories. Often I wish to go back, back to that point in life when everything seemed simpler. Sometimes I think about it too much, knowing I cannot return. Yet there is still one place I can count on to take me back to that state of mind, my grandparent’s house and the land I love so much. Their house was old. My grandparents lived in it most of their adult lives. It was white with black trimming, butRead MoreWho is Stephen Foster?645 Words   |  3 Pagesof American Music because he was a child prodigy, he used his music to humanize the slaves, and he wrote songs that were extremely popular in his life and continue to be popular 150 years later. Music was an important part of Stephen Fosters childhood. The parents of Stephen Foster believed that music was not an appropriate activity for a young boy so he mainly taught himself about music. He would spend time studying the work of famous musicians such as Bach and Mozart. He learned how to playRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Children Can Not Combat Obesity1158 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood Obesity Jesus Dorado DeVry University Prewriting My narrowed topic is that parents need to play a bigger role in helping reduce childhood obesity. Children cannot combat obesity by themselves. My primary audience consists of parents of children (ages 7-12). This is my primary audience because parents of young children should be aware of the potential dangers of childhood obesity. If parents do not teach their children how to make healthy decisions, their children will beRead MorePosition Paper1486 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Parents to Take Responsibility for Childhood Obesity A Position Paper Cassandra Eisengart Waynesburg University Purpose The purpose of this statement is to express my position in regards to the ongoing issue in America of childhood obesity and whether or not parents are to blame for this ongoing trend. Statement of Position As a nurse, I take the position that parents are to be blamed for childhood obesity and it is our nation’s responsibility, particularlyRead MoreA Poem Of Changgan By Li Po864 Words   |  4 Pagestraveled to another place for business purpose, and she has to stay home and waiting for him to come back home. It is very uncommon for a woman to travel with her husband for business in that era. The poem portrays her love, her loneliness, and her eagerness to see her husband through both physical and emotional expressions. The poem started with descriptions of her childhood with her husband. The first line, â€Å"My hair had hardly covered my forehead†, reveals that she was in her early age because her hairRead MoreThen And Now : Transformation Of Childhood889 Words   |  4 PagesTransformation of Childhood Several people have said it: The children are the future. Ensuring that kids have a wholesome environment to grow up in is of utmost importance when our destiny is at stake. Unfortunately, childhood has drastically transformed from the time my parents were kids until now. Growing up when my parents were young was better than growing up now because they played outside more, and had more wholesome family lives, which assisted them in become better adults. When my parent’s generationRead MoreMy Initial Goal For A Interview Project961 Words   |  4 PagesMy initial goal for this interview project was to discover if growing up in the 1960’s was shockingly different than growing up in the 2000’s. However, based on the responses I received describing aspects of their childhood, my two interviewees with a 40 year age gap sounded surprisingly similar. My 10 questions were arranged in a somewhat chronological order, first asking the interviewee to describe their first childhood best friend, then inquiring if they could recall at what age themselves or

Osmosis in Different Concentrations Free Essays

I am going to investigate osmosis when potato is placed in different   concentrations of sucrose. I am aiming to witness osmosis in 5   different concentrations of sucrose. I will use 5 varying concentrations so that I have a wider spread to compare the results,   and check that I don’t have any anomalies Prediction Osmosis  is the process of diffusion of water molecules from a weaker   solution into a stronger solution, through a semi  permeable membrane. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis in Different Concentrations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tiny pores in the membrane of the potatoes will allow the water   molecules to go in and out of the potato cell, depending on the   concentration gradient between the potato and the sucrose solution. If   the  water concentration  is lower in the potato than in the sucrose   solution, then water will pass from the sucrose solution into the   potato, and it will gain weight. If there is a higher concentration of   water in the potato, then the water will go out of the potato and into   the sucrose solution, as osmosis is the movement of water molecules   from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration,   through a semi permeable membrane. So, I predict that the higher the   concentration of sucrose, the lower the weight of the potato as water   from the potato diffuses into the sucrose solution. Predicted graph of results: [IMAGE] Apparatus * 6 test tubes * 6 different concentrations of sucrose solutions * Potato Potato cutter/core * Digital measuring scales * Measuring cylinders * Knife * Test tube racks * Tissue paper Method I will need 1 piece of potato in each tube. As there are 15 tubes I   will have to calculate how many pieces I will need altogether. I think   this would be a suitable calculation: 1Ãâ€"15=15. So, I will pierce out   some pieces of a potato using a core, and then cut 15 slices with a   knif e. Then I will measure 10ml of each of the 6 sucrose solutions   using a measuring cylinder. I will be given these different   concentrated solutions in the general laboratory. I will label the   tubes 1 to 15 and fill each one with 10ml of the solution. Tube 1-3 will have a concentration of 0 Tube 4-6 will have a concentration of 0. 4 Tube 7-9 will have a concentration of 0. 8 Tube 10-12 will have a concentration of 1. 2 Tube 13-15 will have a concentration of 1. 4 I will measure each slice on the measuring scales to identify each   potato slice with its weight before and after immersion in the   sucrose. Having measured each slice on the scale and recorded its   weight, I will then place the slices in the test tube containing the   solution for 24 hours. Then I will empty the solution from the test   tube by pouring it in the sink and remove the potatoes by hand and   place them one by one on the scale. For accuracy, I will make sure   that I wipe off any excess solution on the scale before placing each   new slice on it. I will record the weight after placing them in the   solution for 24 hours. This process will be repeated for tubes 1 to 15   and the results will be noted in a table and then plotted on a line   graph. I will make this a fair test by only varying the concentration of   sucrose and the size of the potato slices, but keeping everything else   the same. The same potato must be used for the whole experiment or   otherwise, the results would differ as the age and sizes might be   different, which means one potato might have more water in it than the   other. I will use a 10ml measuring cylinder so that I can accurately   measure the exact amount of sucrose needed. As the cylinder measures   different sucrose solutions, it has to be washed out each time I measure   another 10ml of sucrose for the next tube, because it may be   contaminated with the different sucrose’s. All the tubes will be kept for   the same time, in the same place, so that the uncontrollable   temperature would not affect the tubes separately. I will not be able to control: * Temperature – because I won’t be in the laboratory for 24 hours,   and the temperature could change in the night, or morning. *Temperature of solution- because I was not able to obtain a thermometer and I was not in the laboratory for 24 hours so it could change. * Weighing scales – because these are digital and therefore, it   produces results by itself. I will be able to control: Concentrations of sucrose – they are already measured * Time – I will do the experiment, and come back the next day at the   same time, and promptly record the results *weight of the potato- I weighed the potato slices before the experiment. For safety in the laboratory, I will be very careful using the sharp   knife which I will be using to cut the potatoes with. I will make sure   that I have an overall so that my clothes don’t get dirty if the   solutions spills. I will remember not to put potatoes or sucrose in my   mouth as they might have been infected by chemicals in the lab, which   are poisonous. I will measure the weight of the potato in grams, and the concentration of sucrose in percentage. I am expecting everything to work out well as I have a perfectly good   method but if I feel that the results may be wrong, I will repeat my   experiment. Preliminary results These are my results: This experiment supports my plan and prediction. The carrot gains   weight in normal water, and decreases weight in concentrated sugar   solutions. By doing this experiment, I believe that my method is good, and it   will work. I think I should specifically be aware of the scales,   because they alter a lot. However, this was carried out at home, so   the cooking scales may have not been so accurate, as accuracy is not   very important in cooking. Results these are my first results. They proved to be wrong. This mistake   would have been made my human. I assume that I used two different   scales, and have got all the weights jumbled up. The weight taken at   the beginning is also not correct, so I may have made a mistake right   from the start. Concentration of sucrose. | Weight before| Weight after| 0| 1. 28| | 0| 1. 33| | 0| 1. 29| | 0. 4| 1. 29| | 0. 4| 1. 27| | 0. 4| 1. 2| | 0. 8| 1. 31| | 0. 8| 1. 3| | 0. 8| 1. 3| | 1. 2| 1. 29| | 1. 2| 1. 37| | 1. 2| 1. 27| | 1. 6| 1. 26| | 1. 6| 1. 3| | 1. 6| 1. 31| | Conclusion I found out that as the concentration of sucrose increases, the weight   of the potato decreases. In water it gained 1. 26 grams, but in 1 Sucrose   solution, it lost 0. 16 grams. My prediction supports my conclusion. I have calculated the average change in weight to have a simple, clear   idea where the experiment is leading me to. Instead of having a large   number of weights, I combined them into one by averaging them. I found   the average by adding the weight gain/loss for each tube and divided   it by three. To find the percentage, I multiplied that decimal by 100. I drew a line graph, and then a line of best fit, which is sloping   downwards, negatively. This proves that the weight is getting lower as   the percentage of the sucrose concentration is getting higher. In my investigation I found a definite relationship between the 2   variables – weight and concentration of sucrose. Any increase in   sucrose concentration led to a decrease in weight. The prediction is supported by the evidence of the graph. Although   there is one anomaly, all the other results stand out and give a   straight line of best fit – exactly as I predicted. The point of   early plasmolysis is where the concentration of sucrose and potato   are even. There is no osmosis taking place at that point. As I said in   my plan, if the water concentration is lower in the potato than in the   sucrose solution, then water will pass from the sucrose solution into   the potato, and it will gain weight. If there is a higher concentration of water in the potato, then the water will go out of   the potato and into the sucrose solution. This is because osmosis is   the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to   a region of low concentration, through a semi permeable membrane. The up raise of sucrose is the downfall of potato mass. [IMAGE] Osmosis In osmosis, water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane. This diagram illustrates the concentrated sugar solution, separated   from dilute sucrose solution by a selectively permeable membrane. This   has pores (holes) in it which are very small, and selects what it   wants to let through i. e. small molecules. Water molecules are very   small. Each one is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. However, sugar molecules are many times larger. In potatoes, the pores   of the membrane only let the water through. There is a higher concentration of sugar molecules on the right-hand   side of the membrane in the diagram, than in the left-hand side. Sugar   molecules would diffuse from the concentrated solution into the dilute   one until they were evenly spread out if there was no membrane, but   they cannot do this as the pores are too small for the sugar to get   through the membrane. Therefore, the small water molecules diffuse   into the concentrated sugar solution, to make it more dilute. This process is called osmosis. It is the diffusion of water molecules   from a place where they are in a higher concentration, to a place   where they are in a lower concentration, through a selectively   permeable membrane. Potato cells plasmolyse in concentrated solutions. This diagram   illustrates a plant cell[IMAGE] (which is similar to a potato cell) in   a concentrated solution. It will lose water by osmosis. The cytoplasm   and the vacuole will shrink. The cell membrane is semi-permeable and the vacuole contains a sucrose   solution. So when a cell is placed in distilled water (high   concentration) water will move across the semi-permeable membrane into   the cell (lower water concentration) by osmosis, making the cell   swell. This cell is called ‘turgid’. In potato cells, the cells would   increase in length, volume and weight because of the extra water in   the potato. If the potato was to be placed in a lower concentration, then the   opposite would happen, because water would move out of the cell into   the solution. If the solution is very concentrated, then a lot of water will diffuse   out of the cell. The cytoplasm and vacuole will keep shrinking, but   the cell wall will not as it is too stiff. As the cytoplasm shrinks   further and further into the centre of the cell, the cell wall gets   left behind. The cell membrane, surrounding the cytoplasm, tears away   from the cell wall. If this happens, the cell is said to be   plasmolysed. The potato will therefore, decrease in length, volume and   weight. Plasmolysis is the point where the membrane is totally detached from   its ell wall, and the potato is killed. Evaluation my experiment shows some accurate results. It concludes the experiment, and proves my prediction. My   final results were quite reliable; due to the precautions I took to make this  a fair test. The graph has a straight slope pointing downwards, which is the   clearest way to understand my prediction. All of them are not that   closely together, neithe r far away, so a line of best fit joins some   tips of the points, and causes it to go straight down. I have one anomalous result, which falls on 0 on the x axis. This   occurred in tube 5, which contained a concentration of 0. 4. Perhaps I did not   carry out that properly. These were the main problems in carrying out the experiment:- * Scales kept moving * Difficult to get out the potato from the core * Potatoes get stuck in tube. * Solution is still left after wiping the potato and the scales * Different scales * couldn’t control the temperature the point of early plasmolysis would not be valid. This is because   I have just plotted it on the graph on a line which suits my results. To prove that it is the right point, I would have to do another   experiment to find that out. The other evidence is likely to be valid, because as all the evidence   links to the results. My investigation is fair because I did not   change many things, expect the concentration of sucrose. I think that I have collected quite a lot of evidence to support my   conclusion. The result table is the main source of evidence. I could   try investigating with more percentages of sucrose concentration, the   size of the potato and have more short intervals between the sucrose’s. This would have a more spread to the results, and therefore, results   can be compared and evaluated more thoroughly. They would be very   accurate as well as reliable. As I have an anomaly, my evidence may not be extremely correct. I   would have to do more research to what I have already done (in the   conclusion) on osmosis, and see what actually happens, and see if it   occurs in plant cells all the time. If I were to repeat the experiment, I would use a very accurate scale,   so that results would come out accurately and then I would have a accurate   average. The graph will be fairly accurate. I would also make sure   that the scale and the potato slices are properly wiped. This is   because if they are not wiped, the weight would increase, and will not   be accurate. I could use a syringe or a burette to measure the 10ml of   sucrose solution, because those two apparatus are very accurate. I would do several more experiments with bigger sizes of potatoes to   obtain more evidence to support my conclusion. I will also do some   research on osmosis, and this will make me certain of my evidence if I   have many to compare with. I will agree with the majority. Overall, I am very pleased with these results and with the evidence I   have so far, that osmosis occurs when there is a high concentration   and a low concentration, both aside a semi-permeable membrane. The   lower concentrated substance diffuses through the membrane to where   there is the higher concentrated substance. How to cite Osmosis in Different Concentrations, Essay examples

Service Marketing Consumers

Question: Discuss about the Service Marketingfor Consumers. Answer: Marketing of services is very different from marketing of the products. Marketing services required to provide the real experience of the service to the people. This is because in product marketing the consumers can see the products but in services they need to be reliable on the brand that is providing them the service which in intangible. This report discusses about the importance of QR code marketing in marketing of services. This provides the idea of the impact and variations of the QR code marketing. Consumers need to follow the series of steps in order to make a purchase of any service or product. The sequential steps are known as consumer decision making process. This process starts with identification of the need of consumer and continues with gathering the information about the service or product (Belz and Peattie, 2009). After that consumers try to look for the alternatives available for them. then, selection of the most suitable service or product is made and further the after service experience is being evlauted.as far as the QR facility is concerned, it has been analyzed that consumers use this facility at the time of searching or gathering the information about the services or the products offered. Another stage at which QR code can be used it at the time of evaluating the alternatives available to look for the ingredients of the products or the offerings in the services. QR codes can be used for many purposes by the companies. As far as the product company is considered, it can be used as the tool of information. In service industry such as restaurants, QR codes can be sued as the marketing tool. Development of mobile phones technology and use or QR codes makes it possible to use QR code as the marketing tool. The businesses like restaurants can place their QR codes on the stickers of the restaurants, leaflets, posters or inside the door. This code can be used for making the people aware about the additional information about the company or the services at the restaurants (Mudie and Cottam, 2010). The information related to the upcoming events, new product releases, offers and images of the events conducted can be shared through the use of QR codes. It makes it easier for the customers also to know at the restaurants offering without seeing their leaflets, posters or visiting the restaurant. It is a great marketing practice that can be practiced by m any of the restaurants. In service marketing, the companies have to target the needs of the customers thus QR code can be customized according to the needs of the customers and also to help the companies to get the data of the customers or can know about the interests. Service marketing communicate is very different from products. The concept of service marketing communication suggests that segmentation of the target market should be properly done (Lovelock, 2011). In case of using QR code as the marketing tool, it is mandatory to segment the market and the place where the target audience can approach the QR code placed. Usage of QR codes as the marketing tool has many advantages. This is because it has the capability to pass many layers of distribution between the producer of the service and the need of consumer of the service. Below are some of the advantages of using QR codes as marketing tool: Reduces the number of mediators: If QR codes have been used for marketing of the service company such as restaurants, it helps in reducing the number of mediators between the producer or the service provider and the end consumer, this is because the restaurant owner can directly place the QR code at different medium from where the end consumers can directly scan the codes from their mobiles and take the information about the services offered at the restaurants (Wilson, Zeithaml, Bitner and Gremler, 2012). Cost effective: For service industry such as restaurants, using the QR code is very cost effective, this is because the company need not to send huge amount of money in printing the posters, leaflets and other marketing props. Placing the QR code at the favorable medium I enough to reach thee customers. It also enhances the brand image of the company as it signifies that the company is updated with the new technology. To acquire the database of the customers: Without spending much on surveys and other articles, the service providers like restaurants can access the data of the target customers and can also get the idea of their choices (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). It helps the service providers like restaurants to acquire the data of their customers whoever has scanned the QR code placed by the restaurants. Accordingly, the restaurants can target the customers with their choices. There are several perceived risks of the consumers related to the products in the service industry. Some of the risks are physical risks, financial risks, social risks, time risks, functional risks etc. QR code many affect thee perceived risks of the consumers. Use of QR code of by the consumer for the products or the service offered by the company can reduces the functional risks associated with the service. This is because functional risk is associated with the function or the offerings of type service and if the customers is already ware of the functional then he or she may not have the this type of risks at the time of taking that service (Malhotra, 2008). The same can be linked with the social risks of the consumers. Social risks can be defined as the risks that are associated with the image of the person in the society. The services and person takes is somehow related to his image in the society (Grnroos, 2007). The QR information can provide the idea of the brand image of the company and the people can easily identify whether they can take the services of that brand or not. There are many interactive content forms that can be used by the companies or the service sector companies to inform the customers or to improve the after service customers satisfaction (Doyle, 2009). The interactive content information allow the customers to get the knowledge about the products or the service the company is offering and helps them to get an idea about the firms image and quality. Some of the interactive content forms are discussed below: Interactive info-graphics: Interactive info-graphic helps the people to know about the products if the services offered with the visual effect (Lieb, R., 2011). It helps in attracting the customers and to portray an image of the service that helps to be in the memory of the customers. Suppose, if any of the restaurant post the image of the dish on the poster or the leaflets along with its name then it would create greater impact on the customers rather than the advertisement only with the name of the dish. In the world of content marketing, videos are still on top. Videos are the best source to engage the customers with the service (Gunelius, 2011). Making interactive videos allow the customers to take part in the video by engaging themselves or relating them with the video. Making a video is just not an easy task because it is difficult to out the relevant content according to the target audience. If any restaurant wants to generate an advertising video, the image of the dish can be inserted, which on by clicking should link to the ingredients of the dish. This technique can help the customers to know about the dish with better experience. Conclusion: The above questions conclude that there are many innovative methods of marketing are available for the companies. IN service industry like restaurants, the QTR code marketing is the new and challenging method to market the service. it help to be as a marketing tool in order to inform, persuade and attract the customers to have a proper knowledge and experience of the services they are going to avail in the company. References: Belz, F.M. and Peattie, K., 2009.Sustainability marketing: A global perspective. Chichester: Wiley. Doyle, P., 2009.Value-based marketing: marketing strategies for corporate growth and shareholder value. John Wiley Sons. Grnroos, C., 2007.Service management and marketing: customer management in service competition. John Wiley Sons. Gunelius, S., 2011.Content Marketing for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012.Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Lieb, R., 2011.Content marketing: Think like a publisher-How to use content to market online and in social media. Que Publishing. Lovelock, C., 2011.Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Malhotra, N.K., 2008.Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Mudie, P. and Cottam, A., 2010.Management and marketing of services. Routledge. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., 2012.Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Eloise Greenfield and Shel Silverstein Essay Example

Eloise Greenfield and Shel Silverstein Paper The children’s poems of Eloise Greenfield and Shel Silverstein feature distinctly different types of imagination and narrative voices.   In Greenfield, the narrator’s imagination revolves around her experience as a black female child, and her reflections are both escapist and deeply aware of her heritage.   In Silverstein, on the other hand, imagination does not draw from ethnic experience but is instead much more whimsical and addressed to both adults and children.In Honey, I Love, Greenfield (an African-American) writes poems that draw from the black urban experience.   Her speaker in the sixteen poems is a black girl (made clear by the illustrations) who rhapsodizes about her daily experiences – her likes and dislikes, the people around her, and her connections to her roots.   The opening poem, for which the book is named, is a breathless declaration of things the speaker likes: â€Å"My uncle’s car is crowded and there’s lots of food to eat/We’re going down the country where the church folks like to meet/I’m looking out the window at the cows and trees outside/Honey, let me tell you that I LOVE to take a ride. . . . (3)   This poem sets the tome for the rest by showing how children conceive of their own senses.In â€Å"By Myself,† the speaker retreats into her own imagination more directly than elsewhere in the collection: â€Å"When I’m by myself/And I close my eyes/I’m a twin/I’m a dimple in a chin/I’m a room full of toys/I’m a squeaky noise/I’m a gospel song/I’m a gong/I’m a leaf turning red/I’m a loaf of brown bread. . . .†   (34) Imagination here seems to be an escape from the mundane world.   Greenfield does not mention anything traumatic, but because the speaker is an African-American living in the urban North (as other poems imply), one can imagine that her surroundings are not idyllic.   Greenfield does not depict bitterness or hardship, but she does allude to her heritage in â€Å"Harriet Tubman:†Ã‚   â€Å"Harriet Tubman didn’t take no stuff/Wasn’t scared of nothing neither/Didn’t come in this world to be no slaves/And wasn’t going to stay one neither. . . .† (30)Silverstein, who was white and something of a counterculture figure, puts more whimsy into A Light in the Attic, and less of the child’s point of view than one finds in Greenfield.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stop Thief† is a good example: â€Å"Policeman, policeman,/Help me please./Someone went and stole my knees./I’d chase him down but I suspect/My feet and legs just won’t connect.†Ã‚   (13)   His humor is less sweet than Greenfield, slyer and more openly comical; he writes as an adult using children as his subject and part of his audience.   In the limerick â€Å"Crowded Tub,† he draws on a common childhood experience:   â€Å"There’s too many kids in this tub./There’s too many elbows to scrub./I just washed a behind/That I’m sure wasn’t mine,/There’s too many kids in this tub.†Ã‚   (86)He uses a more objective voice than Greenfield, and while he writes from the child’s point of view, he also adds insights into children’s behavior that only an adult may have.   In â€Å"Friendship,† he comments on children’s bossiness with a jocular tone (indeed, he does not scold or moralize), and even his more bizarre poems lack malice or harm.   â€Å"Quick Trip,† which spreads a four-line poem across a four-page drawing of a lizard-like creature, is more humorous than frightening: â€Å"We’ve been caught by the quick-digesting Gink/And now we’re dodgin’ his teeth . . ./And now we are restin’ in his intestine/And now we’re back out on the street.†Ã‚   (116-119)   Silverstein depicts being swallowed by a monster as funny , with the speaker unharmed.Greenfield roots imagination more in everyday experiences and the kinds of escapist thought that a child like she might have been would have conceived.   Silverstein, meanwhile, draws less from experience and more from whimsy and humor, using a voice both adult and child-like.   Both authors rely on humor and imagination, albeit in different ways. Eloise Greenfield and Shel Silverstein Essay Example Eloise Greenfield and Shel Silverstein Essay The children’s poems of Eloise Greenfield and Shel Silverstein feature distinctly different types of imagination and narrative voices.   In Greenfield, the narrator’s imagination revolves around her experience as a black female child, and her reflections are both escapist and deeply aware of her heritage.   In Silverstein, on the other hand, imagination does not draw from ethnic experience but is instead much more whimsical and addressed to both adults and children.In Honey, I Love, Greenfield (an African-American) writes poems that draw from the black urban experience.   Her speaker in the sixteen poems is a black girl (made clear by the illustrations) who rhapsodizes about her daily experiences – her likes and dislikes, the people around her, and her connections to her roots.   The opening poem, for which the book is named, is a breathless declaration of things the speaker likes: â€Å"My uncle’s car is crowded and there’s lots of food to eat/We’re going down the country where the church folks like to meet/I’m looking out the window at the cows and trees outside/Honey, let me tell you that I LOVE to take a ride. . . . (3)   This poem sets the tome for the rest by showing how children conceive of their own senses.In â€Å"By Myself,† the speaker retreats into her own imagination more directly than elsewhere in the collection: â€Å"When I’m by myself/And I close my eyes/I’m a twin/I’m a dimple in a chin/I’m a room full of toys/I’m a squeaky noise/I’m a gospel song/I’m a gong/I’m a leaf turning red/I’m a loaf of brown bread. . . .†   (34) Imagination here seems to be an escape from the mundane world.   Greenfield does not mention anything traumatic, but because the speaker is an African-American living in the urban North (as other poems imply), one can imagine that her surroundings are not idyllic.   Greenfield does not depict bitterness or hardship, but she does allude to her heritage in â€Å"Harriet Tubman:†Ã‚   â€Å"Harriet Tubman didn’t take no stuff/Wasn’t scared of nothing neither/Didn’t come in this world to be no slaves/And wasn’t going to stay one neither. . . .† (30)Silverstein, who was white and something of a counterculture figure, puts more whimsy into A Light in the Attic, and less of the child’s point of view than one finds in Greenfield.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stop Thief† is a good example: â€Å"Policeman, policeman,/Help me please./Someone went and stole my knees./I’d chase him down but I suspect/My feet and legs just won’t connect.†Ã‚   (13)   His humor is less sweet than Greenfield, slyer and more openly comical; he writes as an adult using children as his subject and part of his audience.   In the limerick â€Å"Crowded Tub,† he draws on a common childhood experience:   â€Å"There’s too many kids in this tub./There’s too many elbows to scrub./I just washed a behind/That I’m sure wasn’t mine,/There’s too many kids in this tub.†Ã‚   (86)He uses a more objective voice than Greenfield, and while he writes from the child’s point of view, he also adds insights into children’s behavior that only an adult may have.   In â€Å"Friendship,† he comments on children’s bossiness with a jocular tone (indeed, he does not scold or moralize), and even his more bizarre poems lack malice or harm.   â€Å"Quick Trip,† which spreads a four-line poem across a four-page drawing of a lizard-like creature, is more humorous than frightening: â€Å"We’ve been caught by the quick-digesting Gink/And now we’re dodgin’ his teeth . . ./And now we are restin’ in his intestine/And now we’re back out on the street.†Ã‚   (116-119)   Silverstein depicts being swallowed by a monster as funny , with the speaker unharmed.Greenfield roots imagination more in everyday experiences and the kinds of escapist thought that a child like she might have been would have conceived.   Silverstein, meanwhile, draws less from experience and more from whimsy and humor, using a voice both adult and child-like.   Both authors rely on humor and imagination, albeit in different ways.

25 Writing Competitions You Should Enter

25 Writing Competitions You Should Enter 25 Writing Competitions You Should Enter 25 Writing Competitions You Should Enter By Mark Nichol Have you completed one or more short stories, poems, or nonfiction pieces? Perhaps you’d like some motivation or to take the next step with them. This post lists writing competitions for 2011 that feature cash prizes of $1,000 or more and, often, publication deals for the winner (plus, for many contests, additional prizes for winners and other contestants). Note, however, that such competitions often require an entry fee (generally $15-$20 per entry), and some require the submitted material to be previously unpublished. Go to the contest Web site for information about costs and other details. The competition can be fierce, but even if you don’t win, the benefits are valuable: Completing and submitting an entry helps you develop word-count precision and deadline discipline. You may not earn a four-figure cash prize, but you could win some honorable-mention mad money or other prizes. You have a completed manuscript you can submit to other competitions or to agents. Good luck! Poetry 1. The Pinch Journal Poetry Contest Deadline: March 1 Type of submission: online or offline Length of submission: 1-3 poems Prizes: $1,000 and publication 2. Normal Prize in Poetry Deadline: March 4 Type of submission: online Length of submission: 5 pages or 5 poems Prizes: $1,000 and publication 3. Boston Review Fourteenth Annual Poetry Contest Deadline: June 1 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 10 pages Prize: $1,500 and publication 4. Bellevue Literary Review’s Marica and Jan Vilcek Prize in Poetry Deadline: July 1 Type of submission: online Length of submission: up to 3 poems (maximum 5 pages) Prizes: $1,000 and publication 5. Lulu Poetry Contest Deadline: continuous entry Type of submission: online Length of submission: not specified Prizes: annual $5,000; monthly $250; daily $25 Short Fiction 6. he Pinch Journal Fiction Contest Deadline: March 1 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 5,000 words Prizes: $1,500 and publication 7. Sycamore Review’s Wabash Prize for Fiction Deadline: March 1 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 10,000 words Prize: $1,000 and publication for winner 8. Potomac Review Annual Contest Deadline: March 1 Type of submission: online or offline Length of submission: 2 stories of up to 2,000 words Prize: $1,000 and publication for winner 9. Normal Prize in Fiction Deadline: March 4 Type of submission: online Length of submission: up to 10,000 words Prizes: $1,000 and publication for winner 10. Colorado Review’s Nelligan Prize Deadline: postmarked March 11 Type of submission: online or offline Length of submission: under 50 pages Prizes: $1,500 and publication for winner 11. New Rivers Press American Fiction Prize Deadline: May 1 Type of submission: online or offline Length of submission: up to 7,500 words Prizes: $1,000, $500, $250; publication for winners 12. Drue Heinz Literature Prize Deadline: postmarked May 1-June 30 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: not specified Prize: $15,000 and publication 13. Carve Magazine’s Raymond Carver Short Story Contest Deadline: May 15-June 30 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up 6,000 words Prizes: $1,000, $750, $500, $250; considered by literary agencies 14. Howard Frank Mosher Short Fiction Prize Deadline: postmarked June 30 Type of submission: online or offline Length of submission: up to 10,000 words Prizes: $1,000 and publication, $100 15. Bellevue Literary Review’s Goldenberg Prize in Fiction Deadline: July 1 Type of submission: online Length of submission: up to 5,000 words Prizes: $1,000 and publication Nonfiction 16. Michael Steinberg Essay Prize Deadline: February 28 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 6,000 words Prizes: $1,000 and publication; publication consideration for runner-up 17. Normal Prize in Nonfiction Deadline: March 4 Type of submission: online Length of submission: up to 10,000 words Prizes: $1,000 and publication 18. Creative Nonfiction Anger Revenge Contest Deadline: March 16 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 4,000 words Prizes: $1,000, $500 19. Writers @ Work Writing Competition Deadline: March 20 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 7,500 words Prizes: $1,000, $350, $100; publication consideration for each winner 20. Bellevue Literary Review’s Burns Archive Prize in Nonfiction Deadline: July 1 Type of submission: online Length of submission: up to 5,000 words Prizes: $1,000 and publication Multiple Awards 21. Glimmer Train’s Very Short Fiction Award Deadline: January 1-31, July 1-31 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: up to 3,000 words Prizes: $1,200, publication, and 20 copies; $500; $300 22. Glimmer Train’s Fiction Open Deadline: March 1-31, June 1-30, August 1-30, December 1-31 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: 2,000-20,000 words Prizes: $2,000, publication, and 20 copies; $1,000; $600 23. Glimmer Train’s Short-Story Award for New Writers Deadline: postmarked March 31, postmarked September 30 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: 3,000-12,000 words Prizes: $1,200, publication, and 20 copies; $500; $300 24. Glimmer Train’s Family Matters Deadline: April 1-30, October 1-31 Type of submission: offline Length of submission: 3,000-12,000 words Prizes: $1,200, publication, and 20 copies; $500; $300 Miscellaneous And, of course, no self-respecting list of writing competitions would be complete without this one: 25. Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest Deadline: April 15 Type of submission: online or offline Length of submission: up to about 50-60 words Prize: â€Å"a pittance† This whimsical contest is devoted to parodying the purple prose of Edward George â€Å"It Was a Dark and Stormy Night† Bulwer-Lytton and his ilk by crafting, as it were, the most absurdly inept opening line from a (fortunately) nonexistent novel. For more information, go to the slightly disheveled Web site and search for â€Å"The rules to the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Competitions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†What is Dative Case?What’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Case study - Essay Example Per se, the products are mainly associated with fun placing them in the category of luxurious products (Naggar 159). An effective problem to this problem is developing strategies for marketing the cereals. One of the best marketing strategies will be effective campaign (Naggar 169). Effective campaign will incorporate some of the traditional Arabic food into the breakfast basket for the whole family. The campaign should target mothers and house helps as they form the chief consumers/buyers of food stuff (Naggar 180). The second solution will be is merging with local companies to increase credibility to the consumer. Arabian countries have strict rules when it comes to many things and among them is food. A merger with a local company will effectively dilute the mistrust of the products being offered by Kellogg Company (Naggar 191). These mergers apart from increasing acceptability in the new markets, they also reduce competition of the market share. Kellogg Company management should encourage take- over and mergers with local companies (Naggar 200). Kellogg Company should understand the consumers and consumer behaviors of the people in the gulf countries in order to effectively penetrate these markets (Naggar 220). The above two solutions form core bases for the impending problem of the

Recommendation letter for admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recommendation letter for admission - Essay Example I write this letter to you to highly recommend the application of Mr. xxx for admission to Columbia University’s LLM program. He is an excellent fit for Columbia’s unique program and I take great delight in acknowledging below, the accomplishments and service that Nicholas has rendered to our esteemed firm.In November 2004, Baker & McKenzie started a selective hunt for a single candidate to join our Corporate and Merger & Acquisition departments. After interviewing nearly 80 candidates and assessing them with case method tests, we accepted Nicolas. For a young man of 23, he already had a remarkably full resume and his overall experience was one of the deciding factors in our decision.After joining our firm, Nicholas rapidly became a key player in our Corporate and Merger & Acquisition departments. In the months that followed, Nicolas joined a team of 10 attorneys in developing last year’s largest merger that involved an International Communications Company. Nicol as worked smoothly with the other members of the team—all of whom were at least 15 years older—and proved to be the communications link between all departments for that important transaction. Ever since that merger took place, Nicolas has always been the communications liaison in every operation that he is involved with. As a senior associate of the Merger & Acquisition Department, I am in charge of important international transactions.... In a two-hour meeting, Nicolas helped find a simple but brilliant solution by using nominal local shareholders for the bid and then transferring the shares to our client. In terms of undertaking and completing assignments, Nicolas is able to handle pressure with professionalism and responsiveness to both the clients' needs and the firm's needs. He was recently entrusted with closing the urgent sale of a large International Pharmaceutical Company in Uruguay and Mexico. Within two weeks, he had traveled to both countries and successfully executed the agreements. He is now in charge of reviewing all documents at closing and creating a checklist that is appended to the agreement. Nicolas's biggest strength is Client Care. His experience in the Criminal Underage Court and Labor Law firms has given him extensive and quality training in terms of dealing with people from all walks of life. His great sense of humor and dynamic personality has also saved us on many occasions. A particularly difficult account comes to mind: We were facing severe miscommunication glitches with a multinational Italian company, a European-style family business that had recently decided to settle in Argentina. Based on Nicolas's cultural background, language and people skills, we invited him to come aboard. Once he had analyzed the case, he indicated our weakness lay in the lack of personal contact and suggested that we invite the client's General Legal Counsel, who lived in Milan, to a meeting at our Buenos Aires office. Nicolas had learned that the Counsel's family and his own family (mother's side) were from the same Italian town, xxx. This was a good starting point for the meetings, most of which Nicolas led in fluent Italian. After

Tort Reform in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Reform in the USA - Research Paper Example   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What is tort reform?† is an article written by Eddins & Greenstone (2009) for the HG.org. This article greatly assists readers in getting a clear view of the tort reform in the US. In order to clearly depict this concept, the authors describe the term tort. They simply define tort as â€Å"a non-criminal civil wrong that is caused either on purpose or through negligence† (Eddins & Greenstone, 2009). Article writers say that medical malpractice and false imprisonment are some examples of tort. The tort reform attempts to put procedural limits on an individual’s ability to file claims and restrict awards of damages. In other words, tort reform imposes some limitations on the maximum amount the injured party can claim and the amount of time an aggrieved individual has to file a claim. The article claims that this policy may reduce frivolous lawsuits whereas it also takes away some rights of the victim. In his article â€Å"Tort reform important to U.S. fu ture† published in CNN U.S, Dobbs (2005) points out long-term benefits of the tort reform. The author says that the proposed tort reform would amplify the nation’s economic growth as this policy is capable of reducing the enormous burden of tort litigations costs. The writer justifies his argument by pointing that US tort system has already exceeded $200 billion a year and this figure accounts for the nation’s 2% of GDP. Dobbs also illustrates that this figure may rise to roughly 8% unless necessary changes are made to the current tort system. Throughout his article, Dobbs refers to European court systems to support the terms of the tort reform in the US. Bornstein and Robicheaux (2008), in their book â€Å"Civil juries and civil justice: psychological & legal perspectives†, address different aspects of the proposed tort reform. The authors state that torts are not criminal offenses and they are aimed at determining liability but not guilt. Bornstein and R obicheaux (2008) point out that there are more tort trails in the United States than contract cases. As a result of increasing tort cases, legal authorities are forced to spend greater amounts of money and time on this issue. The writers also indicate that the proposed reform is the only sensible strategy to bring the US’ civil justice system under control (p.5). The article â€Å"Tort reform hurts citizens† was written by Alley Jordan (2011) and published on The Falcon website. The article writer argues that the tort reform policy would notably limit the constitutional rights of citizens. According to the tort reform proposal, a corporation cannot be sued over a certain amount as fixed by its state. This provision prevents plaintiffs from recovering complete damages. The author argues that arbitration clauses in the tort reform are likely to limit plaintiffs’ right to claim against corporations. The gag order is another constitutionally violating aspect of the proposed tort reform and it restricts the plaintiff’s right to speak about the trial publicly. The author concludes the article by stating that â€Å"tort reform is good for the corporations that support it, but is not good for average citizens† (Jordan, 2011).  Ã‚  

Communication Reflection using the Atkins and Murphy Model

Communication Reflection using the Atkins and Murphy Model INTRODUCTION I will outline a personal experience, which identifies aspects of effective communication. I was a student nurse of about ten weeks on my first placement fourteen years ago. I was working on an acute medical ward when a patient I was looking after became unwell and clammy. I aim to explore my feelings about the events that transpired, and describe what I would do differently if anything similar happens in the future using Atkins and Murphys (1994) framework for reflection. DESCRIPTION A patient I will call Mrs Costa, to maintain confidentiality (UKCC 1998), had been on the medical ward for a week. I was allocated to care for her. I reported to the nurse in charge of the ward that day that Mrs Costa was clammy and looking unwell. I was sent to fetch another nurse. I did not know what was going on and there was lots of shouting and staff running about, then the curtains were closed around Mrs Costas bed. The other patients were asking what was happening, so I attempted to reassure them that everything was fine and then I just kept out of the way lacking confidence to do or say anything else. When the phone started to ring I went to answer it. As I was going a patient with immobility problems decided to walk unaided. She managed about four paces before collapsing in the middle of the ward. Two or three doctors came running into the ward and seeing the collapsed patient thought it was for her, they were called. The staff nurse shouted at me in front of the patients and staff for not letting the doctors know which patient they had been called for. I was very embarrassed and felt really stupid. The staff nurse told me the patient had died and because she had important things to do I had to phone Mrs Costas husband and ask him to come to the ward. I said I didnt think I should be doing it and she told me it was good experience, but not tell her relatives that Mrs Costa had died on the phone. I had no idea what to say at first. The family were Greek and understood very little English. I just remember Mr Costa asking if his wife was all right. I said she was unwell and could he come in as soon as he was able. As Mr Costa arrived on the ward, the shift ended and nobody really discussed the days events. I went home and burst into tears. ANALYSIS Having been on placement for only two weeks, I did not have enough knowledge or experience to deal with these events. I remember feeling that I was in too deep I did not know how to help Mrs Costa. I recall how I felt left out and useless in dealing with a cardiac arrest. I am now aware that nurse training in the 1980s was of a low standard and unprofessional (Redfern 1999). I recognise that with experience I would be able to deal with emergency situations and that I did the right thing by reporting Mrs Costas condition to the charge nurse. Since the introduction of Project 2000 I am aware that students are not expected to care for patients without the support of qualified staff. I am also aware that a student would not be left alone to tend to the other patients while all the qualified staff assisted the cardiac arrest team. When I was getting into trouble I felt embarrassed and stupid. Looking back I understand that the staff nurse was probably under a lot of pressure due to the circumstances surrounding the cardiac arrest, but I felt like a naughty schoolgirl. I am also aware of the need for constructive criticism in order to improve my standards of practice (Betts 2002). I do however think that this should be given behind closed doors and in discussion form rather than a row, which appears unprofessional. I felt guilty when the other patient fell. Since reflecting I would make my priority the care of the other patients on the ward and realise that answering a phone would have been less important (Potter and Perry 2001). Mentors are now allocated to students to provide support and guidance including identifying priorities. Spending time with other patients, reassuring them and allaying their fears would be more useful. Again this is something that would come with experience I also felt very guilty lying to Mr Costa saying his wife was sick when I knew that she had died. I remember the phone call so clearly. I now realise that I should have firmly refused, as I did not have adequate training (UKCC 1992), to make the phone call but listened to a qualified staff member making the call so that I could still gain experience. I realise that nowadays mentors and charge nurses would help students and other members of staff discuss situations like this to let them reflect on the events. I think that reflective practice would have been useful at the time (Heath and Taylor 2002), as I was unprepared for the events and felt emotionally drained afterwards. EVALUATION Although this situation is mainly negative it has provided me with some useful experiences for the future. I know that new student nurses require the knowledge and backup of a qualified member of staff or team. Charge nurses should not vent stress on other staff especially in public, but should take them aside and point out what they could do to improve. I now realise how important it is to have a member of staff tending to the patients and reassuring them when an emergency situation takes place (Heath and Taylor 2002). Although I did not like lying to a relative I also understand the importance of not divulging information (UKCC 1996) over the phone and that news of a sudden death could be very traumatic if the relatives were on their own with no support. CONCLUSION OF LEARNING In future I would make sure I knew the ward protocol for emergencies. In any new situation I would try to learn as much as I could about that particular speciality to gain confidence. I would use questioning to improve my knowledge in the area thereby improve my understanding. I would take into account other peoples weaknesses. I would reassure the other patients if I were not directly involved in the emergency. In accordance with UKCC guidelines (1998) I would only take part in practices for which I had relevant training.

Ethical Controversies Involved in the Use of Germ-line and Somatic Gene

Ethical Controversies Involved in the Use of Germ-line and Somatic Gene Therapies Abstract There are many sides to the issue of using germ-line and somatic germ therapies. Many people argue that it should be stopped completely, whereas others argue that both germ therapies should continue for the benefit of all people. There are other arguments that lie somewhere in between. Most of the controversy is caused by germ-line gene therapy because it can be passed on through generations. Somatic gene therapy has more support and funding but is still considered untrustworthy by many who believe it may also affect the germ-line in some cases. These moral arguments have called the stop to many cases and experiments, more so after a patient treated with gene therapy dies. In the ongoing fight for the elimination or continuation of gene therapy, there are four main positions (Sadler et al., 2005). One position is to bring an end to both germ-line and somatic gene therapy practices. This group argues that using gene therapy on humans is dangerous and that changing genes to attempt to make improvements is wrong. It is seen as creating the possibility to design children before birth and change mental and physical characteristics of the next generation, bringing an end to diversity (Sadler et al., 2005). In 2000, the American Association for the Advancement of Science banned â€Å"inheritable genetic modification† (Fischer, 2000). They believed that risks from the gene therapy procedures might not cause genetic problems for a few generations after the patient is treated. The AAAS suggested that trials and experiments with gene therapy be stopped. Another position in the gene therapy ethical argument is to proceed with all gene therapy... ...rapy investigations proliferate. Nature Medicine [On-line serial]. Vol. 6. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v6/n3/full/nm0300_235a.html Nowak, R. (1995, March). Patent award stirs controversy. Science [On-line serial]. Vol. 267. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/184/377/69240368w5/purl=rcl_EAIM_0 Sadler, T. & Zeidler, D. (2005). Negotiating Gene Therapy Controversies. The American Biology Teacher [On-line serial]. Vol. 66. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0002-7685&volume-66&pa Shannon, T. (1999, March). Ethical issues in genetics. Theological Studies [On-line studies]. Vol. 60. Retrieved July 21, 2005 from the Internet: http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/184/377/69240368w5/purl=rcl_EAIM_0