Why do Companies Continue with Mergers and Acquisitions when so many Fa

Why do Companies Continue with Mergers and Acquisitions when so many Fail? The phenomenon of mergers and acquisitions (M&A’s) triggers an array of opinions and viewpoints. Often it is a strategy that is seen as a perfect way of achieving growth. It is by no means an organic or natural route to success, but has tended to be a quick and easy way of increasing an organisations size and power. However although there have been ‘waves’ of popularity and success since its introduction in the 1960’s it has also suffered criticism due to the number of failures it has accounted for. Despite the strong suggestion that this strategy has been the architect for many an organisation's downfall there still remains a propensity in the current business environment for managers to adopt it. Throughout this essay I am going to examine some of the areas that explain M&A’s volatility and attempt to discover why managers are persevering with the strategy when it is seemingly flawed. Over the last few decades it has become increasing apparent that the effect of mergers and acquisitions is not as beneficial as once thought. When the growth strategy was pioneered in the middle part of the nineteen hundreds it was looked upon as a way of creating an empire across different sectors and countries. Many experienced managers were sucked into the strategy, only having eyes for the apparent synergistical and positive affects of M&A’s. Although over the following years there has been many success stories concerning M&A’s, when the big picture is examined it displays a more ugly side of the phenomenon. Hodge (1998) discovered that ‘in the go-go ‘80s, 37% of mergers outperformed the average shareholder return in that period; in the fi... ...nal, Autumn; Customer text-section 2, topic 11. - Kieran et al (1994) ‘Planning the deals that generate value and gain advantage’, Mergers and Acquisitions, March-April; Custom text, topic 12. Journals - Doitte S & Smith G (1998). ‘The morning after (avoiding mistakes in acquisitions and mergers)’. Winter v63 i2 p32(8). - Davenport, T (1998). ‘The Integration Challenge (managing corporate mergers’ Management Review. - Heitner M (1998). ‘The thorny business of merging rival firms’, Mergers and Acquisitions. - Hodge, K (1998), ‘The art of the post deal (outcomes of mergers)’. Management Review. - Price, A & Sloane, J (1998). ‘Global Designs: Tough Challenges for - Acquirers’. Mergers and Acquisitions.. - Whipple J & Frankel R (2000), ‘Strategic Alliance Success Factors’. The Journal of Supply Chain Management.

Human Resource Letter

Dear Ms. xxxxxx: As all Rite Aid policies, please consider this letter a formal complaint against Mrs. Maria Mejia for intimidation along with failing to pay proper wages. First and foremost, my name is blah blah and I was hired on December xx, 20xx as a supervisor at store # 1234. I am writing to express my disappointment with the company. I started with a high desire to work for a company that offered a high principle of ethics, honor, and respect for its employees. Now a little over two months later I am presenting my resignation. Unfortunately I was placed in a store that is very unorganized and not properly managed. Approximately three weeks after being hired I was given the responsibility of closing without the proper tools to do so. Yet, I ensured the daily tasks were completed to the best of my ability. Still, Mrs. xxx was rarely pleased with the outcome. On several occasions while she was instructing me of my duties she would use terms like â€Å"you better†, and also she would remind me that I was on a 90-day probation. I considered it unprofessional for her to use such phrases to intimidate me. I felt as if she was insinuating that she had control over me and she had the authority to fire me when she pleased. While giving orders her tone of voice was rarely polite. Mrs. Mejia has a recording of a discussion both her and I had, where she is giving me feedback and advise about my responsibilities, that day she was actually very courteous and polite. Though majority of the time while approaching her employees she tends to be very demanding. Most employees at this store would agree that they are unappreciated by her, and their accomplishments are almost never acknowledged. It is difficult to work with such an insatiable manager. Also, during the hiring process I was told that as a supervisor I was guaranteed 35 to 40 hours a week, the first two or three weeks there was no problem, however as I gained experience and more responsibility my hours were cut down to 25 hours a week. When I asked her if there was a reason why, she simply claimed that she has no payroll to ay for more hours. However certain non-management employees were give 40 hours or more. Constantly Mrs. Maria Mejia requests employees to come in on their days off or before their scheduled time due to her lack of organization and responsibility. On several occasions that included January 19, 2013 and January 29, 2013, I was asked to work without a lunch and I would be paid a lunch premium. To this date I have worked about 4 shifts without a lunch break and ha ve only been paid one lunch premium. I have been employed by Rite Aid for about over two months now and have not received my system log in, which causes me not being able to provide manager approvals and overrides for the employees. As a supervisor I am also aware that it is unlawful to have employees work of the clock, still Mrs. Mejia would ask me to have the employees work off the clock and she would fix their clock-in at a later time. Ms. Jxxxx Nxxxx and Mr. xxxx xxxxx have also witnessed the irresponsibility portrayed by the manager. On February 14, 2013 The aforementioned incidents have brought me mental anxiety, which has forced me to resign to my position. It is my opinion such behavior does not conform to Rite Aid policies of appropriate workplace behavior as set out in the company’s Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. I feel violated by Mrs. Mejia’s behavior and believe that I have been mistreated. I am aware that lodging a complaint against Mrs. Maria Mejia will require a formal investigation and I am prepared to participate as needed. I appreciate your time and I apologize for the length of this letter, however I felt the need to express my uncomfortable experience. Human Resource Letter Dear Ms. xxxxxx: As all Rite Aid policies, please consider this letter a formal complaint against Mrs. Maria Mejia for intimidation along with failing to pay proper wages. First and foremost, my name is blah blah and I was hired on December xx, 20xx as a supervisor at store # 1234. I am writing to express my disappointment with the company. I started with a high desire to work for a company that offered a high principle of ethics, honor, and respect for its employees. Now a little over two months later I am presenting my resignation. Unfortunately I was placed in a store that is very unorganized and not properly managed. Approximately three weeks after being hired I was given the responsibility of closing without the proper tools to do so. Yet, I ensured the daily tasks were completed to the best of my ability. Still, Mrs. xxx was rarely pleased with the outcome. On several occasions while she was instructing me of my duties she would use terms like â€Å"you better†, and also she would remind me that I was on a 90-day probation. I considered it unprofessional for her to use such phrases to intimidate me. I felt as if she was insinuating that she had control over me and she had the authority to fire me when she pleased. While giving orders her tone of voice was rarely polite. Mrs. Mejia has a recording of a discussion both her and I had, where she is giving me feedback and advise about my responsibilities, that day she was actually very courteous and polite. Though majority of the time while approaching her employees she tends to be very demanding. Most employees at this store would agree that they are unappreciated by her, and their accomplishments are almost never acknowledged. It is difficult to work with such an insatiable manager. Also, during the hiring process I was told that as a supervisor I was guaranteed 35 to 40 hours a week, the first two or three weeks there was no problem, however as I gained experience and more responsibility my hours were cut down to 25 hours a week. When I asked her if there was a reason why, she simply claimed that she has no payroll to ay for more hours. However certain non-management employees were give 40 hours or more. Constantly Mrs. Maria Mejia requests employees to come in on their days off or before their scheduled time due to her lack of organization and responsibility. On several occasions that included January 19, 2013 and January 29, 2013, I was asked to work without a lunch and I would be paid a lunch premium. To this date I have worked about 4 shifts without a lunch break and ha ve only been paid one lunch premium. I have been employed by Rite Aid for about over two months now and have not received my system log in, which causes me not being able to provide manager approvals and overrides for the employees. As a supervisor I am also aware that it is unlawful to have employees work of the clock, still Mrs. Mejia would ask me to have the employees work off the clock and she would fix their clock-in at a later time. Ms. Jxxxx Nxxxx and Mr. xxxx xxxxx have also witnessed the irresponsibility portrayed by the manager. On February 14, 2013 The aforementioned incidents have brought me mental anxiety, which has forced me to resign to my position. It is my opinion such behavior does not conform to Rite Aid policies of appropriate workplace behavior as set out in the company’s Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. I feel violated by Mrs. Mejia’s behavior and believe that I have been mistreated. I am aware that lodging a complaint against Mrs. Maria Mejia will require a formal investigation and I am prepared to participate as needed. I appreciate your time and I apologize for the length of this letter, however I felt the need to express my uncomfortable experience.

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2597 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/14 Category Literature Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: American Literature Essay Poem Essay Poetry Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on 10th December 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts, America (Sewall 321). She was a reclusive person who spent most of her life in reclusive isolation despite the fact that she was born to a prominent family (Sewall 368). She was unrecognized by her as less than a dozen of her nearly 1800 poems she had written during her lifetime were published. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Emily Elizabeth Dickinson" essay for you Create order Emily is known as an innovative poet due to his use of syntax and form in her poetry work (Dickinson 23). However, most of her work was released after her death- on May 15th, 1886, in Amherst, after her younger sister Lavinia discovered her cache of poems. The discovery by her sister gave her work breath as the work became apparent to the public. Most of her work was published in 1890 following her death in 1886 by personal acquaintances Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson, though they altered the poems significantly. Most of her complete and unaltered collections of her poems were availed when Thomas H. Johnson a scholar first published The Poems of Emily Dickinson in 1995 (Dickinson 1531). According to Dickinson (1535), there were significant alterations of the poems that were published during Emilys lifetime so that they would fit the conventional poetic roles of the time. Those poems Emily wrote were unique during the era she wrote them as they were characterized by; slant rhyme, short lines, lack of titles and the unconventional punctuation and capitalization. Emily shared most of her poems with her family; mostly her sister in law, and friends though no one knew the amount of work she had done on poetry. Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born into a prominent family at the Homestead of the family, but not wealthy. Her father, Edward Dickinson, was an influential and prominent lawyer who served as the treasurer of Amherst College before he was elected as a legislature in the Congress for one term. Emily Elizabeths mother, Emily Norcross Dickinson, who came from a leading family, was a hardworking housekeeper and also she was an introverted wife (Sewall 321). Her mother also wrote letters which seem to be equally quirky and also inexpressive. Emilys parents were loving but they were austere, and this made it hard for her and her siblings to get attached tightly to their parents. Emily got connected intimately to her sister, Lavinia, and her brother, Austin. According to Sewall (324), during Emilys young life, she was well behaved. When she visited her aunt while she was two, her aunt Lavinia described her as perfectly contented and well acted saying that she was a perfect child but little troubled. The aunt also noted Emilys big talent to play piano and her affection for music, which she called the music. Emily joined a primary school which was only a two-story building, and her education was ambitiously classical for a Victorian girl. On 7th September 1840, Emily and Lavinia, who was her sister, joined Amherst Academy at the same time (Sewall, 335). Emily spent seven years in the school studying English and classical literature, geology, Latin, history, botany, arithmetic and also mental psychology. Her schools principal stated that Emily was a very bright and also a bright student who was honest in her school chores. However, Emily was out of school severally after she was sick with the longest period when she was out of school being in 1845-1846 when she attended school for only eleven weeks. While writing to a friend, she stated how she enjoyed school- a very fine school. (Sewall 341). According to Wolf and Dickinson (12), Emily was traumatized and troubled by the deepening menace of death and particularly of the people close to her such as her cousin Sophia Holland who was also a close friend. Two years after her cousins death, Dickinson wrote that she preferred to die if she could not have a chance to look after her and see her face. The demise had a significantly affected her psychological well-being, and this made her very melancholic. For her to recover, her parents sent her to Boston to live with her other relatives for a short while. During this period, she met longtime friends and correspondents like Jane Humphrey, Abiah Root, and Abby Wood. She also attended Susan Huntington Gilbert who later got married to Austin, her brother. According to Sewall (416), there was a religious revival that took place in Amherst in 1845, which resulted in 46 converts among which were Emilys peers. Emily then wrote a letter to her friend saying that she had never enjoyed such happiness and peace as it was the first time she found her savior. She added that it was a great pleasure to commune alone with the great God and have a feeling that the Great God would listen to her prayers. However, Emily did not make a formal declaration of her faith, and the experience ended after a short while. Her going to church ended after two years, and she said that while other people keep the Sabbath by going to the church, for her, she kept it by staying at home. When Emily was eighteen, Emily befriended a young attorney, Benjamin Franklin Newton, who together with Humphrey, Emily referred to variously. It is likely that Newton introduced Emily to the William Wordsworth and therefore influencing her poetry work. Emily wrote a statement in 1862 saying that when she was young, her friend taught her about immortality but eventually he went and never returned. It is believed that she was referring to Newton. Newton offered her a lot of gifts that may have influenced her work of poetry significantly. Emilys mother became bedridden due to various chronic diseases from the mid-1850s until she died in 1858 (Sewall 73). The ill-health of her mother made it hard for her to move out of the house as she was the one taking care of her mother. The domestic chores for her increased as her mothers health continued to decline. After forty years, Lavinia stated that when their mother became chronically sick, one of the two sisters had to stay at home and take care of her. Emily took the responsibility and stayed home to take care of their ailing mother. According to Sewall (401), from the 1850s, Emily Dickinson withdrew from social life and stayed indoors for most of the time. In the 1860s, she retired from the social life almost entirely. Scholars suggest that this was the most productive period of Emilys poetry work. However, it is not specific as to what made her withdraw and extreme seclusion from the social life. Some argue that it may because of her definite diagnosis to have nervous prostration. Others believe that she had agoraphobia and epilepsy. According to Ward et al. (76), after a letter by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, who was a literary critic, to the Atlantic Monthly whose heading was, Letter to a Young Contributors, Emily resolved to write the letter to him. The letter by Higginson was in April 1862. Emilys note was seeking literary guidance which she had not and could not receive from anyone close to her (Sewall 532). Another reason for writing the letter to Higginson was to ask him to publish her poetry work as it was increasingly difficult for her to write poems without an audience. During the time Emily lived, many knew her as a gardener than a poet. Her farming could be attributed to her studies in botany from when she was the age of nine (Sewall 404). She had assembled 424 flower specimens and pressed them into a sixty-six-page leather-bound herbarium. She then classified and labeled the flower specimen using the Linnaean system. According to Sewall (71), Emily Dickinsons father died on 16th June 1874, after he suffered a stroke. Emily neither attended her late fathers funeral that was held in the Homestead entrance hall nor did the memorial service hold on 28th June. She wrote a letter to Higginson saying that her father had a pure heart and he was terrible and that she thought that none other like him existed. On June 15th, 1875, a year after Emilys father died, Emily mother got a partial paralysis after suffering a stroke. Emily lamented her mothers illness and she described the situation as Home is so far from Home. Emily never got married. However, during her later life, it is believed that she had a friendship with Otis Phillips Lord, an elderly judge, which is speculated to be a late-life romance. The relationship fallowed the demise of Lords wife in 1877. According to Sewall (400), the late years for Emily and her family was a tough one as many of her close family members died she described how the deaths of people who close to her were tearing her spirit apart. She continued to say that the deaths were too close that before she raised her heart from one death, another came. Emily then became very ill for several weeks. After days of the disease, Emily died on May 15th, 1885, at the age 55. Because I could not stop for death The poem, because I could not stop for death, by Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was first published posthumously in 1890 (Wolf and Dickinson 1531). Emily did not give the poem a title, and the editor who published the poem first gave it the title The Chariot, but later it was referred by its fir line by the editors. The poem has six quatrains whose meter alternates between the iambic trimester and the iambic tetrameter (Susan and Dickinson 2). Death, which is personified, is described as a gentleman. It picks Emily in its horse-drawn carriage after stopping. The speaker, Emily, and Death move in a relaxed place where the speaker seems to be completely comfortable and at ease (Susan and Dickinson 2). They walked through a school, where children strove, the Fields of Grain and the setting sun. According to Howe and Dickinson (3), when it gets to the late evening approaches, Emily becomes cold because she was ill-prepared for the trip with Death which was impromptu. She was wearing a coat of thin silk shawl. Death and the speaker reach where her burial ground will be and stop. The place is marked with a small headstone. The house is described as a swelling ground which makes it clear that this is a grave and that it is not a cottage. In the final stanza, the speaker reveals that the ride she had with Death was centuries ago. However, it seems like the horse pointed to Eternity or the passage to an afterlife. This gives a glimpse of the immortality she describes (Dickinson and Howe 3). According to Dickinson and Howe (3) In Because I could not stop for death poem, Emily is communicating from beyond the grave. She describes her journey with Death, which is personified, from the present life to afterlife. Death, as presented in this poem, is not intimidating or even frightening. The speaker in the poem describes death to be a courteous and gentle guide and leads her to eternity. The most exciting thing to me in the Because I could not stop for Death poem is how the writer starts the first line. She does not waste time by warming up the poem. She makes it clear that the poem will be about death in the first line. Beginning the poem with the word Because is very interesting. It makes the audience assume that the speaker is explaining something. This makes the poem alive and active to the audience. One style that Emily uses in this poem and most of her poems is capitalization of nouns. Sometimes the reason is not known, but in this poem, she capitalizes Death to personify it. She makes Death a gentleman who drives a horse. Another style that she uses is the use of dashes at the end of the sentences. This pulls the reader to the next thing she wants to be known to the reader. According to Dickinson and Howe (4), the central theme of the poem is Mortality. The speaker describes her attitude towards her death and what her death day was like. The picture he paints about that day is evident in her audiences minds. Another theme which is opposing to the subject of Mortality is immortality. The idea is seen when she describes how her death day is described in the afterlife. Hope is the thing with feathers Emily wrote this poem in 1862, which was a prolific year for her (Ruth and Dickinson 1254). In the poem, Emily Dickinson uses a conceit in the title of the poem to liken hope to a physical living thing of a bird (a thing with feathers). The use of the metaphor which transforms the home into a bird is fascinating to me. The choice of her first line is very is interesting. She writes that the bird perches in the soul. Perch is a verb that indicates its the birds choice alight in the soul and that it is not confined. Therefore, Emily suggests that for one to have a feeling of hopefulness, he/she create an environment for the bird to perch. Emily Dickinson disregard of the conventional types of a poem by writing the poem with an odd-looking syntax which has clauses interrupted by dashes. She uses a comma only once in the whole poem. This style of poem creates confusion to the readers as they may need to pause and emphasize certain phrases. In the first stanza, Emily emphasizes the word hope with speech marks. The speech arks mention that the poet will define the elusive word Hope, and she goes on to define it using a metaphor. The use of feathers metaphorically to define Hope is essential as feathers are so gentle and soft to touch and they are also stable in flight. The imagery grows when she states that not only is the Hope feathery, but it can also sing. The Hope perches in the soul and sings all the time. However, the song is sung by Hope is unique as it does not have words for someone to understand rationally. In the second stanza, Emily uses double dash which requires the audience to be keen so that they can make two distinct pauses. As seen in the first verse, Hope sings in the soul. In the second stanza, Emily states that hope sings more sweetly when the going gets more robust than it does in normal circumstances (Ruth and Dickinson 1256). In the third stanza, which is the last stanza, Emily reveals the personal pronoun I which appears here for the first time. The use of the personal pronoun I may be an indication of the personal connection with the subject. The central theme of the poem is that hope is unbreakable and no matter what it cannot be destroyed. From the poem, Emily shows that a person should never give up. From Emily Dickinsons poems, several features are standard. For instance, there is an unusual use of syntax. In the Hope is the thing with feathers poem, he uses a total of 15 dashes. Another characteristic of Emilys poems is the personification of the characters. In many of her poems, Emily uses iambic trimester as it is the case in the Hope is the thing with Feathers poem. Work cited Dickinson, Emily, and Susan Howe.? Because I could not stop for Death. ProQuest LLC, 2004. Dickinson, Emily, and Theodora Ward.? The Letters of Emily Dickinson. Harvard University Press, 1986. Dickinson, Emily.? The Poems of Emily Dickinson. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press, 1998. Miller, Ruth, and Emily Dickinson.? The Poetry of Emily Dickinson. Wesleyan University Press, 1968. Sewall, Richard Benson.? The Life of Emily Dickinson. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press, 1994. Wolff, Cynthia Griffin.? Emily Dickinson. Doubleday, 2015.

Essay on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Complete Title: An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Written by Himself† Dr. Pautreaux’s comments: What makes this paper memorable is the fact that this student is also a minister. Both his command of the language and his insight as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative. We can so easily deceive ourselves into believing that what is accepted by the general population as normal behavior is also justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our customs as long as this behavior yields such commodities as convenience, profit†¦show more content†¦He who is the religious advocate of marriage robs whole millions of the sacred influence... (1077). Douglass also portrays deeper psychological profiles of the characters who persecuted him, such as that of Edward Covey, who was once his master. Covey, an extremel y devout Christian and leader in the Methodist church who prayed morning, noon, and night daily, appeared to be more religious than anyone. Covey faced no apparent moral internal conflict at breaking several of the Ten Commandments with actions such as ordering his slave woman to breed with a hired man to produce more slave chattel for his own personal gain. Covey rationalized that any sin that such a devout Christian as he committed would be considered but little offense to God (1053). Douglass observes how his persecutors covered and protected their sins with the cloth of Christianity and it is his examples of these self-justifying practices which reveal exactly how the manipulation of Christian doctrine was performed. For a time, Douglass was owned by a religious slaveholder and also lived in the Christian community of St. Michaels. Douglass owner, Captain Auld, who was a Christian convert, easily found religious sanction in the Bible for acts of cruelty. Douglass reports having seen Auld tie up a lame young woman, whip her until blood ran down her naked body, and then quote Scripture to the girl to justify the beating: He thatShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. 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Essay about My Childhood Home - 950 Words

The fleeting changes that often accompany seasonal transition are especially exasperated in a child’s mind, most notably when the cool crisp winds of fall signal the summer’s end approaching. The lazy routine I had adopted over several months spent frolicking in the cool blue chlorine soaked waters of my family’s bungalow colony pool gave way to changes far beyond the weather and textbooks. As the surrounding foliage changed in anticipation of colder months, so did my family. My mother’s stomach grew larger as she approached the final days of her pregnancy and in the closing hours of my eight’ summer my mother gently awoke me from the uncomfortable sleep of a long car ride to inform of a wonderful surprise. No longer would we be returning†¦show more content†¦I had violent, grass-stained war games with my neighborhood friends, while my mother worked in her small vegetable garden among the honeybees, and watched things grow. An ever-present warming smell of knishes and hot dogs permeated around every inch of my block as the nearby concession pumped a constant flow of fresh food to hungry little leaguers and their families. Looking up, the summer sky looked like an Easter egg God had dipped in blue dye. Those warm summer nights after long days of camp were greatly anticipated events back then. My cousin and I itched with repressed energy throughout the long bus ride from various tri-state area attractions. We couldn’t wait to get home and see what types of shenanigans we could get into. We couldn’t wait to slide down the steep, blue-carpeted staircase on our bottoms, and then on our stomachs. Most of all, we couldn’t wait to go down to the basement. The basement was better than a toy store. 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Osmosis in Different Concentrations Free Essays

I am going to investigate osmosis when potato is placed in different   concentrations of sucrose. I am aiming to witness osmosis in 5   different concentrations of sucrose. I will use 5 varying concentrations so that I have a wider spread to compare the results,   and check that I don’t have any anomalies Prediction Osmosis  is the process of diffusion of water molecules from a weaker   solution into a stronger solution, through a semi  permeable membrane. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis in Different Concentrations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tiny pores in the membrane of the potatoes will allow the water   molecules to go in and out of the potato cell, depending on the   concentration gradient between the potato and the sucrose solution. If   the  water concentration  is lower in the potato than in the sucrose   solution, then water will pass from the sucrose solution into the   potato, and it will gain weight. If there is a higher concentration of   water in the potato, then the water will go out of the potato and into   the sucrose solution, as osmosis is the movement of water molecules   from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration,   through a semi permeable membrane. So, I predict that the higher the   concentration of sucrose, the lower the weight of the potato as water   from the potato diffuses into the sucrose solution. Predicted graph of results: [IMAGE] Apparatus * 6 test tubes * 6 different concentrations of sucrose solutions * Potato Potato cutter/core * Digital measuring scales * Measuring cylinders * Knife * Test tube racks * Tissue paper Method I will need 1 piece of potato in each tube. As there are 15 tubes I   will have to calculate how many pieces I will need altogether. I think   this would be a suitable calculation: 1Ãâ€"15=15. So, I will pierce out   some pieces of a potato using a core, and then cut 15 slices with a   knif e. Then I will measure 10ml of each of the 6 sucrose solutions   using a measuring cylinder. I will be given these different   concentrated solutions in the general laboratory. I will label the   tubes 1 to 15 and fill each one with 10ml of the solution. Tube 1-3 will have a concentration of 0 Tube 4-6 will have a concentration of 0. 4 Tube 7-9 will have a concentration of 0. 8 Tube 10-12 will have a concentration of 1. 2 Tube 13-15 will have a concentration of 1. 4 I will measure each slice on the measuring scales to identify each   potato slice with its weight before and after immersion in the   sucrose. Having measured each slice on the scale and recorded its   weight, I will then place the slices in the test tube containing the   solution for 24 hours. Then I will empty the solution from the test   tube by pouring it in the sink and remove the potatoes by hand and   place them one by one on the scale. For accuracy, I will make sure   that I wipe off any excess solution on the scale before placing each   new slice on it. I will record the weight after placing them in the   solution for 24 hours. This process will be repeated for tubes 1 to 15   and the results will be noted in a table and then plotted on a line   graph. I will make this a fair test by only varying the concentration of   sucrose and the size of the potato slices, but keeping everything else   the same. The same potato must be used for the whole experiment or   otherwise, the results would differ as the age and sizes might be   different, which means one potato might have more water in it than the   other. I will use a 10ml measuring cylinder so that I can accurately   measure the exact amount of sucrose needed. As the cylinder measures   different sucrose solutions, it has to be washed out each time I measure   another 10ml of sucrose for the next tube, because it may be   contaminated with the different sucrose’s. All the tubes will be kept for   the same time, in the same place, so that the uncontrollable   temperature would not affect the tubes separately. I will not be able to control: * Temperature – because I won’t be in the laboratory for 24 hours,   and the temperature could change in the night, or morning. *Temperature of solution- because I was not able to obtain a thermometer and I was not in the laboratory for 24 hours so it could change. * Weighing scales – because these are digital and therefore, it   produces results by itself. I will be able to control: Concentrations of sucrose – they are already measured * Time – I will do the experiment, and come back the next day at the   same time, and promptly record the results *weight of the potato- I weighed the potato slices before the experiment. For safety in the laboratory, I will be very careful using the sharp   knife which I will be using to cut the potatoes with. I will make sure   that I have an overall so that my clothes don’t get dirty if the   solutions spills. I will remember not to put potatoes or sucrose in my   mouth as they might have been infected by chemicals in the lab, which   are poisonous. I will measure the weight of the potato in grams, and the concentration of sucrose in percentage. I am expecting everything to work out well as I have a perfectly good   method but if I feel that the results may be wrong, I will repeat my   experiment. Preliminary results These are my results: This experiment supports my plan and prediction. The carrot gains   weight in normal water, and decreases weight in concentrated sugar   solutions. By doing this experiment, I believe that my method is good, and it   will work. I think I should specifically be aware of the scales,   because they alter a lot. However, this was carried out at home, so   the cooking scales may have not been so accurate, as accuracy is not   very important in cooking. Results these are my first results. They proved to be wrong. This mistake   would have been made my human. I assume that I used two different   scales, and have got all the weights jumbled up. The weight taken at   the beginning is also not correct, so I may have made a mistake right   from the start. Concentration of sucrose. | Weight before| Weight after| 0| 1. 28| | 0| 1. 33| | 0| 1. 29| | 0. 4| 1. 29| | 0. 4| 1. 27| | 0. 4| 1. 2| | 0. 8| 1. 31| | 0. 8| 1. 3| | 0. 8| 1. 3| | 1. 2| 1. 29| | 1. 2| 1. 37| | 1. 2| 1. 27| | 1. 6| 1. 26| | 1. 6| 1. 3| | 1. 6| 1. 31| | Conclusion I found out that as the concentration of sucrose increases, the weight   of the potato decreases. In water it gained 1. 26 grams, but in 1 Sucrose   solution, it lost 0. 16 grams. My prediction supports my conclusion. I have calculated the average change in weight to have a simple, clear   idea where the experiment is leading me to. Instead of having a large   number of weights, I combined them into one by averaging them. I found   the average by adding the weight gain/loss for each tube and divided   it by three. To find the percentage, I multiplied that decimal by 100. I drew a line graph, and then a line of best fit, which is sloping   downwards, negatively. This proves that the weight is getting lower as   the percentage of the sucrose concentration is getting higher. In my investigation I found a definite relationship between the 2   variables – weight and concentration of sucrose. Any increase in   sucrose concentration led to a decrease in weight. The prediction is supported by the evidence of the graph. Although   there is one anomaly, all the other results stand out and give a   straight line of best fit – exactly as I predicted. The point of   early plasmolysis is where the concentration of sucrose and potato   are even. There is no osmosis taking place at that point. As I said in   my plan, if the water concentration is lower in the potato than in the   sucrose solution, then water will pass from the sucrose solution into   the potato, and it will gain weight. If there is a higher concentration of water in the potato, then the water will go out of   the potato and into the sucrose solution. This is because osmosis is   the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to   a region of low concentration, through a semi permeable membrane. The up raise of sucrose is the downfall of potato mass. [IMAGE] Osmosis In osmosis, water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane. This diagram illustrates the concentrated sugar solution, separated   from dilute sucrose solution by a selectively permeable membrane. This   has pores (holes) in it which are very small, and selects what it   wants to let through i. e. small molecules. Water molecules are very   small. Each one is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. However, sugar molecules are many times larger. In potatoes, the pores   of the membrane only let the water through. There is a higher concentration of sugar molecules on the right-hand   side of the membrane in the diagram, than in the left-hand side. Sugar   molecules would diffuse from the concentrated solution into the dilute   one until they were evenly spread out if there was no membrane, but   they cannot do this as the pores are too small for the sugar to get   through the membrane. Therefore, the small water molecules diffuse   into the concentrated sugar solution, to make it more dilute. This process is called osmosis. It is the diffusion of water molecules   from a place where they are in a higher concentration, to a place   where they are in a lower concentration, through a selectively   permeable membrane. Potato cells plasmolyse in concentrated solutions. This diagram   illustrates a plant cell[IMAGE] (which is similar to a potato cell) in   a concentrated solution. It will lose water by osmosis. The cytoplasm   and the vacuole will shrink. The cell membrane is semi-permeable and the vacuole contains a sucrose   solution. So when a cell is placed in distilled water (high   concentration) water will move across the semi-permeable membrane into   the cell (lower water concentration) by osmosis, making the cell   swell. This cell is called ‘turgid’. In potato cells, the cells would   increase in length, volume and weight because of the extra water in   the potato. If the potato was to be placed in a lower concentration, then the   opposite would happen, because water would move out of the cell into   the solution. If the solution is very concentrated, then a lot of water will diffuse   out of the cell. The cytoplasm and vacuole will keep shrinking, but   the cell wall will not as it is too stiff. As the cytoplasm shrinks   further and further into the centre of the cell, the cell wall gets   left behind. The cell membrane, surrounding the cytoplasm, tears away   from the cell wall. If this happens, the cell is said to be   plasmolysed. The potato will therefore, decrease in length, volume and   weight. Plasmolysis is the point where the membrane is totally detached from   its ell wall, and the potato is killed. Evaluation my experiment shows some accurate results. It concludes the experiment, and proves my prediction. My   final results were quite reliable; due to the precautions I took to make this  a fair test. The graph has a straight slope pointing downwards, which is the   clearest way to understand my prediction. All of them are not that   closely together, neithe r far away, so a line of best fit joins some   tips of the points, and causes it to go straight down. I have one anomalous result, which falls on 0 on the x axis. This   occurred in tube 5, which contained a concentration of 0. 4. Perhaps I did not   carry out that properly. These were the main problems in carrying out the experiment:- * Scales kept moving * Difficult to get out the potato from the core * Potatoes get stuck in tube. * Solution is still left after wiping the potato and the scales * Different scales * couldn’t control the temperature the point of early plasmolysis would not be valid. This is because   I have just plotted it on the graph on a line which suits my results. To prove that it is the right point, I would have to do another   experiment to find that out. The other evidence is likely to be valid, because as all the evidence   links to the results. My investigation is fair because I did not   change many things, expect the concentration of sucrose. I think that I have collected quite a lot of evidence to support my   conclusion. The result table is the main source of evidence. I could   try investigating with more percentages of sucrose concentration, the   size of the potato and have more short intervals between the sucrose’s. This would have a more spread to the results, and therefore, results   can be compared and evaluated more thoroughly. They would be very   accurate as well as reliable. As I have an anomaly, my evidence may not be extremely correct. I   would have to do more research to what I have already done (in the   conclusion) on osmosis, and see what actually happens, and see if it   occurs in plant cells all the time. If I were to repeat the experiment, I would use a very accurate scale,   so that results would come out accurately and then I would have a accurate   average. The graph will be fairly accurate. I would also make sure   that the scale and the potato slices are properly wiped. This is   because if they are not wiped, the weight would increase, and will not   be accurate. I could use a syringe or a burette to measure the 10ml of   sucrose solution, because those two apparatus are very accurate. I would do several more experiments with bigger sizes of potatoes to   obtain more evidence to support my conclusion. I will also do some   research on osmosis, and this will make me certain of my evidence if I   have many to compare with. I will agree with the majority. Overall, I am very pleased with these results and with the evidence I   have so far, that osmosis occurs when there is a high concentration   and a low concentration, both aside a semi-permeable membrane. The   lower concentrated substance diffuses through the membrane to where   there is the higher concentrated substance. How to cite Osmosis in Different Concentrations, Essay examples

Service Marketing Consumers

Question: Discuss about the Service Marketingfor Consumers. Answer: Marketing of services is very different from marketing of the products. Marketing services required to provide the real experience of the service to the people. This is because in product marketing the consumers can see the products but in services they need to be reliable on the brand that is providing them the service which in intangible. This report discusses about the importance of QR code marketing in marketing of services. This provides the idea of the impact and variations of the QR code marketing. Consumers need to follow the series of steps in order to make a purchase of any service or product. The sequential steps are known as consumer decision making process. This process starts with identification of the need of consumer and continues with gathering the information about the service or product (Belz and Peattie, 2009). After that consumers try to look for the alternatives available for them. then, selection of the most suitable service or product is made and further the after service experience is being evlauted.as far as the QR facility is concerned, it has been analyzed that consumers use this facility at the time of searching or gathering the information about the services or the products offered. Another stage at which QR code can be used it at the time of evaluating the alternatives available to look for the ingredients of the products or the offerings in the services. QR codes can be used for many purposes by the companies. As far as the product company is considered, it can be used as the tool of information. In service industry such as restaurants, QR codes can be sued as the marketing tool. Development of mobile phones technology and use or QR codes makes it possible to use QR code as the marketing tool. The businesses like restaurants can place their QR codes on the stickers of the restaurants, leaflets, posters or inside the door. This code can be used for making the people aware about the additional information about the company or the services at the restaurants (Mudie and Cottam, 2010). The information related to the upcoming events, new product releases, offers and images of the events conducted can be shared through the use of QR codes. It makes it easier for the customers also to know at the restaurants offering without seeing their leaflets, posters or visiting the restaurant. It is a great marketing practice that can be practiced by m any of the restaurants. In service marketing, the companies have to target the needs of the customers thus QR code can be customized according to the needs of the customers and also to help the companies to get the data of the customers or can know about the interests. Service marketing communicate is very different from products. The concept of service marketing communication suggests that segmentation of the target market should be properly done (Lovelock, 2011). In case of using QR code as the marketing tool, it is mandatory to segment the market and the place where the target audience can approach the QR code placed. Usage of QR codes as the marketing tool has many advantages. This is because it has the capability to pass many layers of distribution between the producer of the service and the need of consumer of the service. Below are some of the advantages of using QR codes as marketing tool: Reduces the number of mediators: If QR codes have been used for marketing of the service company such as restaurants, it helps in reducing the number of mediators between the producer or the service provider and the end consumer, this is because the restaurant owner can directly place the QR code at different medium from where the end consumers can directly scan the codes from their mobiles and take the information about the services offered at the restaurants (Wilson, Zeithaml, Bitner and Gremler, 2012). Cost effective: For service industry such as restaurants, using the QR code is very cost effective, this is because the company need not to send huge amount of money in printing the posters, leaflets and other marketing props. Placing the QR code at the favorable medium I enough to reach thee customers. It also enhances the brand image of the company as it signifies that the company is updated with the new technology. To acquire the database of the customers: Without spending much on surveys and other articles, the service providers like restaurants can access the data of the target customers and can also get the idea of their choices (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). It helps the service providers like restaurants to acquire the data of their customers whoever has scanned the QR code placed by the restaurants. Accordingly, the restaurants can target the customers with their choices. There are several perceived risks of the consumers related to the products in the service industry. Some of the risks are physical risks, financial risks, social risks, time risks, functional risks etc. QR code many affect thee perceived risks of the consumers. Use of QR code of by the consumer for the products or the service offered by the company can reduces the functional risks associated with the service. This is because functional risk is associated with the function or the offerings of type service and if the customers is already ware of the functional then he or she may not have the this type of risks at the time of taking that service (Malhotra, 2008). The same can be linked with the social risks of the consumers. Social risks can be defined as the risks that are associated with the image of the person in the society. The services and person takes is somehow related to his image in the society (Grnroos, 2007). The QR information can provide the idea of the brand image of the company and the people can easily identify whether they can take the services of that brand or not. There are many interactive content forms that can be used by the companies or the service sector companies to inform the customers or to improve the after service customers satisfaction (Doyle, 2009). The interactive content information allow the customers to get the knowledge about the products or the service the company is offering and helps them to get an idea about the firms image and quality. Some of the interactive content forms are discussed below: Interactive info-graphics: Interactive info-graphic helps the people to know about the products if the services offered with the visual effect (Lieb, R., 2011). It helps in attracting the customers and to portray an image of the service that helps to be in the memory of the customers. Suppose, if any of the restaurant post the image of the dish on the poster or the leaflets along with its name then it would create greater impact on the customers rather than the advertisement only with the name of the dish. In the world of content marketing, videos are still on top. Videos are the best source to engage the customers with the service (Gunelius, 2011). Making interactive videos allow the customers to take part in the video by engaging themselves or relating them with the video. Making a video is just not an easy task because it is difficult to out the relevant content according to the target audience. If any restaurant wants to generate an advertising video, the image of the dish can be inserted, which on by clicking should link to the ingredients of the dish. This technique can help the customers to know about the dish with better experience. Conclusion: The above questions conclude that there are many innovative methods of marketing are available for the companies. IN service industry like restaurants, the QTR code marketing is the new and challenging method to market the service. it help to be as a marketing tool in order to inform, persuade and attract the customers to have a proper knowledge and experience of the services they are going to avail in the company. References: Belz, F.M. and Peattie, K., 2009.Sustainability marketing: A global perspective. Chichester: Wiley. Doyle, P., 2009.Value-based marketing: marketing strategies for corporate growth and shareholder value. John Wiley Sons. Grnroos, C., 2007.Service management and marketing: customer management in service competition. John Wiley Sons. Gunelius, S., 2011.Content Marketing for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012.Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Lieb, R., 2011.Content marketing: Think like a publisher-How to use content to market online and in social media. Que Publishing. Lovelock, C., 2011.Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Malhotra, N.K., 2008.Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Mudie, P. and Cottam, A., 2010.Management and marketing of services. Routledge. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., 2012.Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.